- Frank Viviano Writes
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- French prisons: extremist training
grounds
Muslim fundamentalists easily indoctrinate fellow inmates on
holy war against the West
- Paris -- The grim 19th century hulk of the Sante penitentiary,
set incongruously in one of the Left Bank's most fashionable
quarters, is where France has incarcerated most of the Islamic
radicals implicated in terrorist acts here in the past decade.
- Over the same period, according to inmates and officials,
Sante and other French prisons have become prime training grounds
in religious extremism, with thousands of inmates indoctrinated
in the principles of a holy war against "the Western powers
and the Jews who manipulate them," in the words of one pamphlet
circulating behind prison walls.
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- Over half of France's 45,000 penitentiary inmates are Muslim,
more than six times the proportion of Muslims in France's overall
population. The nation's prisons "have become the cradle
of the future jihad," one inmate told the Paris-based daily
Le Monde.
- "The extremists have very quickly acquired a huge influence
over other prisoners," said David Schots, associate director
of the Villefranche prison in the Rhone Valley, and one of the
few officials willing to speak on the record.
- The revelations come on the heels of recent arrests of French
citizens and residents, including many convicts. They highlight
the importance of France in the European recruitment operations
of groups tied to Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda network.
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- According to sources in the prison guards' union, extremist
detainees have built what amounts to an extensive and highly
organized "terrorist university" behind bars, using
smuggled tapes, books and pamphlets that preach the fiercely
anti-Western and anti-Semitic gospel of al Qaeda. Some inmates
claim to have been offered instruction in the manufacture of
homemade mines, bombs, detonators and fuses.
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- Instructors include members of the Armed Islamic Group (GIA),
which has waged a war against the Algerian government that has
taken more than 100,000 lives in Algeria since 1990. The GIA
has been named by Washington as a major terrorist group, with
close links to al Qaeda. Algerians were prominent among the thousands
of "Arab Afghans" who, like bin Laden, joined the CIA-supported
war to expel the Soviet Union from Afghanistan in the 1980s.
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- French penal officials, while largely refusing to comment
publicly on the problem, concede that its growth has led to frequent
transfers of "trouble- makers" from one prison to another.
- Accounts from inmates suggest that the policy's unintended
effect has been to spread extremist influence more broadly throughout
the penitentiary system.
- In 1992, one inmate told Le Monde he had encountered just
a few prisoners vaguely interested in discussing Islam, "but
no proselytizing in the true sense of the word." One year
later, he said, he found "extremists who spent their time
trying to convert the maximum number of prisoners, proselytizing
at a runaway pace."
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- Last Sept. 28, a trial opened in Paris of 29 Algerians and
French-Algerians charged with European-wide trafficking in arms,
falsified papers and stolen cars. They are suspected of belonging
to the Egyptian-founded Takfir wal- Hejira ("Anathema and
Exile") an extremist movement reportedly allied with al
Qaeda.
- Another French-Algerian, Djamel Beghal, 35, was arrested
last July in Dubai on suspicion of terrorist activities, and
has since provided information to French intelligence agents
about a European network allegedly targeting U.S. interests abroad,
among them the U.S. Embassy in Paris.
- The French secret services, whose experience with violent
Islamic movements dates back to a series of fatal bombings in
the Paris streets and subways between 1986 and 1996, have assembled
one of Europe's most sophisticated databanks on fundamentalist
militants, their cells and networks.
- The government of President Jacques Chirac has made it clear
that its intelligence agents are actively engaged in the U.S.-led
war on terrorism. On Monday, Gen. Jean-Pierre Kelch, commander-in-chief
of the French army, hinted that French special forces might also
be involved in intelligence gathering on the ground in Afghanistan.
- "The nature of the engagement, the size of the force
and their activities must remain secret at this point,"
Kelch said in a radio interview.
- But France's war against extremism behind bars is proving
difficult to pursue. Apart from the transfers and efforts to
prevent the smuggling of banned books and tapes, prison authorities
are hamstrung by a law guaranteeing that "each detainee
must be able to satisfy the demands of his religious, moral or
spiritual life."
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- One reason for the explosive growth of prison extremism,
say mainstream Islamic leaders here, is that control over such
religious practices is exercised almost entirely by the prisoners
themselves -- and increasingly by those with a history of militant
violence.
- For the approximately 25,000 Muslim penitentiary inmates
in France, there are currently 44 government-appointed Islamic
prison chaplains, only four of them working full time. For the
remaining 20,000 prisoners, by contrast, there are 460 Catholic
chaplains.
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